Biodegradable vs Compostable: What’s the Difference and Why Does It Matter?

The two words signify and talk about a green environment. We say we want to adopt the use of biodegradable materials, and most times, we use it interchangeably with compostable materials. But then, a difference exists between the two words and it does matter in conserving our natural habitat, that i…

The two words signify and talk about a green environment. We say we want to adopt the use of biodegradable materials, and most times, we use it interchangeably with compostable materials. But then, a difference exists between the two words and it does matter in conserving our natural habitat, that is the planet Earth. Many packaging products boast environmentally-friendly benefits such as "biodegradable" and "compostable" materials. But what exactly do these terms mean, and what is the difference between them? 

What Does Biodegradable Mean?

Biodegradability refers to the ability of materials to break down naturally over time. This process occurs due to the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. The main feature of a biodegradable material is its ability to break down completely. It decomposes into natural elements within a short time after disposal. An important aspect of biodegradability is that the decomposition process may not necessarily be beneficial to the environment. This is because certain plastics break down but still pose dangers to the environment. Biodegradable materials help reduce the buildup of waste, contributing to a safer and healthier environment.

What Does Compostable Mean?

As mentioned earlier, compostable is similar to biodegradable. Both of them mean that the material will break down completely and decompose over time into natural elements. Compostability is a more specific subset of biodegradability. A compostable material not only breaks down over time but does so in a way that produces nutrient-rich compost, enhancing soil health. These materials are added to compost piles, which are carefully managed sites that rely on specific conditions such as wind, sunlight, drainage, and other factors. While biodegradable materials are intended to break down in landfills, compostable materials require specialized composting conditions to decompose properly.

Why Does The Difference Matter?

The difference mentioned above is that compostable materials leave behind nutrients as residue, while biodegradable materials do not leave any residue. The part that compostable materials give back nutrients to the soil, which will improve the health of the soil, makes them a better version of biodegradable materials.

Biodegradable materials may lead to the production of a potent greenhouse gas, methane, if they do not decompose efficiently in landfills, where oxygen is limited. Furthermore, some biodegradable materials take a very long time to decompose, which can contribute to environmental pollution. In contrast, compostable materials, when processed correctly, break down quickly and contribute to soil health. This, in turn, supports sustainable agricultural practices and reduces reliance on synthetic fertilizers.

Moreover, the increasing use of compostable products, such as food packaging, cutlery, and bags, can play a crucial role in promoting sustainable waste management. Individuals and businesses can reduce their environmental impact and support circular economy initiatives by choosing compostable options and ensuring proper disposal in composting facilities.

Conclusion

Compostable materials break down in a controlled manner, enriching the soil, while biodegradable materials decompose more slowly and can still contribute to pollution if not properly managed.